Akukacaci ukuthi abanye abantu abasanda kutholakala benalesi sifo balithola kanjani igciwane lemonkeypox, noma ukuthi lasakazeka kanjani
Sekutholwe amacala amasha enkawu emhlabeni wonke, nenqwaba yemibiko e-UK kuphela.Ngokusho kwe-UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), bekunobufakazi bangaphambilini bokusabalala okungaziwa kwegciwane lemonkeypox kubantu bezwe.Kucatshangwa ukuthi inkawu ine avela kumagundane e-Afrika Emaphakathi naseNtshonalanga futhi asakazwa kubantu izikhathi eziningi.Amacala angaphandle kwe-Afrika awavamile futhi kuze kube manje alandelelwa kubahambi abanaleli gciwane noma izilwane ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
NgoMeyi 7, kwabikwa ukuthi umuntu owayesuka eNigeria eya e-UK wayengenwe isifo senkawu. Ngemva kwesonto, iziphathimandla zabika ezinye izigameko ezimbili eLondon okusobala ukuthi zazingahlobene nelokuqala. bebengakwazi ukuxhumana okwaziwayo namacala amathathu adlule - okuphakamisa uchungechunge olungaziwa lokutheleleka kubantu.
Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, bonke abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane e-UK bathole igatsha legciwane laseNtshonalanga Afrika, elivame ukuba mnene futhi ngokuvamile lixazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa.Ukutheleleka kuqala ngemfiva, ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu ezibuhlungu kanye nokukhathala. osukwini olulodwa kuya kwezintathu, kuvela ukuqubuka, kanye namabhamuza namapustules afana nalawo abangelwa ingxibongo, egcina iqweqwe.
“Kuyindaba eguqukayo,” kusho u-Anne Limoyne, uprofesa wezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-UCLA Fielding School of Public Health.URimoin, oseneminyaka efunda ngopomfene eDemocratic Republic of Congo, unemibuzo eminingi: Kusiphi isigaba sesifo ingabe abantu bathelelekile?Ingabe lezi zigameko ezintsha ngempela noma ezindala ezisanda kutholwa?Zingaki lezi eziyizehlakalo eziyinhloko - izifo ezilandelelwa ukuthintana nezilwane?Zingaki lezi ezesibili noma ezesibili zomuntu nomuntu?Uyini umlando wokuvakasha? womuntu onaleli gciwane?Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zigameko?”Ngicabanga ukuthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ngingasho isitatimende esiqondile,” kusho uRimoin.
Ngokusho kwe-UKHSA, abantu abaningi abangenwe yilesi sifo e-UK ngabesilisa abalala namadoda futhi bathola lesi sifo eLondon. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukusulelana kungenzeka kwenzeka emphakathini, kodwa futhi nangokuxhumana kakhulu nabanye abantu, okuhlanganisa amalungu omndeni noma abasebenzi bezempilo.Igciwane lisakazwa ngamaconsi ekhaleni noma emlonyeni.Lingasakazwa futhi ngoketshezi lomzimba, njengama-pustules, nezinto ezihlangana nawo.Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi bathi ukuxhumana eduze kuyadingeka ukuze uthole izifo.
USusan Hopkins, ongumeluleki omkhulu wezokwelapha e-UKHSA, uthe leli qoqo lamacala e-UK laliyivelakancane futhi alijwayelekile. Le nhlangano okwamanje ilandela umkhondo wabantu abanaleli gciwane. Izinombolo zokuzala ezisebenzayo ngaleso sikhathi zazingu-0.3 kanye no-0.6 ngokulandelana - okusho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye onaleli gciwane wayedlulisela igciwane kumuntu ongaphansi koyedwa kula maqembu ngokwesilinganiso - kulapho Kunobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, lingasakazeka ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kumuntu kuye kuye. umuntu.Ngenxa yezizathu ezingakacaci, isibalo sezifo nokuqubuka kwezifo sanda kakhulu - yingakho inkawu ithathwa njengosongo lomhlaba wonke.
Ochwepheshe abazange basheshe bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuqubuka kwamazwe ngamazwe njengoba isimo sisavela. Imithi e-Baylor College of Medicine. Ngokomlando, leli gciwane liye lasakazwa kakhulu lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu, futhi ukusakazeka komuntu kuya kumuntu ngokuvamile kudinga ukuthintana okusondelene noma okusondelene naye.” Ngokwesibonelo, alitheleleki njenge-COVID, ingxibongo,” kusho uHotez.
Uthe inkinga enkulu kwaba ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane ezilwaneni - okungenzeka ukuthi amagundane - eDemocratic Republic of Congo, eNigeria naseNtshonalanga Afrika. ama-coronavirus afana nalawo abangela i-SARS ne-COVID-19 futhi manje i-monkeypox - lawa amaZoonose angalingani, asakazeka esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu, ”kwengeza u-Hotez.
Inani labantu abanaleli gciwane ababulawa inkawu akwaziwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha.Amaqembu aziwayo asengozini amasosha omzimba kanye nezingane, lapho ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu.Egatsheni legciwane laseCongo Basin, eminye imithombo ikhombisa izinga lokufa kwabantu. I-10% noma ngaphezulu, nakuba uphenyo lwakamuva luphakamisa izinga lokufa kwecala elingaphansi kuka-5%.Ngokuphambene, cishe wonke umuntu owayengenwe inguqulo yaseNtshonalanga Afrika wasinda.Ngesikhathi sokugqashuka okukhulu okwaziwayo okwaqala eNigeria ngo-2017, abantu abayisikhombisa bafa, okungenani. ezine kuzo zazintekenteke amasosha omzimba.
Alikho ikhambi lemonkeypox ngokwalo, kodwa imithi elwa namagciwane i-cidofovir, i-brindofovir kanye ne-tecovir mate iyatholakala. izinkinga ngesikhathi sezifo ezinjalo ezibangelwa amagciwane.Ekuqaleni kwesifo semonkeypox, lesi sifo singancishiswa ngokugonyelwa inkawu kanye nengxibongo noma ngamalungiselelo e-antibody atholakala kubantu abagonyiwe.I-US isanda ku-oda izigidi zemithamo yomgomo ukuthi ikhiqizwe ngo-2023 nango-2024. .
Inani lamacala e-UK, kanye nobufakazi bokuqhubeka kokutheleleka phakathi kwabantu abangaphandle kwe-Afrika, kunikeza uphawu lwakamuva lokuthi leli gciwane liyashintsha indlela eliziphatha ngayo.Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Rimoin nozakwabo lubonisa ukuthi izinga lamacala eDemocratic Republic of Congo lingase libe nalo. anda ngokuphindwe ka-20 phakathi kweminyaka yawo-1980 kanye maphakathi nawo-2000. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, leli gciwane laphinde lavela emazweni amaningana aseNtshonalanga Afrika: eNigeria, isibonelo, kube namacala asolwayo angaphezu kuka-550 kusukela ngo-2017, okungaphezu kwalokho. Bangu-240 asebeqinisekisiwe, okuhlanganisa nabangu-8 abashonile.
Kuseyindida ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi base-Afrika bethola leli gciwane.Izizathu eziholele ekubhebhethekeni kwamuva nje kwe-Ebola, ethelele izinkulungwane zabantu eNtshonalanga Afrika naseDemocratic Republic of Congo, kungenzeka kube neqhaza.Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izici ezifana nokwanda kwabantu kanye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu abaningi eduze kwamahlathi, kanye nokwanda kokuxhumana nezilwane okungenzeka zithelelekile, kuvumela ukusabalala kwamagciwane ezilwane kubantu.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenxa yokuminyana kwabantu, ingqalasizinda engcono kanye nokuvakasha okwengeziwe, leli gciwane livame ukusabalala ngokushesha, okungase kuholele ekuqubukeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. .
Ukusabalala kwemonkeypox eNtshonalanga Afrika kungase futhi kubonise ukuthi leli gciwane seliqhamuke esilwaneni esisha. Leli gciwane lingangena ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, kuhlanganise namagundane amaningana, izinkawu, izingulube kanye nezinyamazane. Izilwane ezinaleli gciwane kulula ukulisakaza ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nabantu - futhi lokho kube ukuqubuka kokuqala ngaphandle kwe-Afrika. Ngo-2003, leli gciwane langena e-United States ngamagundane ase-Afrika, nawo lawo atheleleka ngezinja zasemathafeni athengiswa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Phakathi nalokho kugqashuka, inqwaba yabantu endaweni izwe bangenwa yimfene.
Nokho, kulesi sikhathi samanje sezigameko zemonkeypox, into okukholakala ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu ukwehla kokugonyelwa ingxibongo emhlabeni wonke. abantu baye bakhula kancane kusukela ekupheleni komkhankaso wokugomela ingxibongo, okwenza inkawu itholakale kalula ekutheleleni abantu.Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokusulelana kusuka kumuntu kuya kumuntu lazo zonke izifo liye lenyuka lisuka cishe kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngawo-1980 laya kwabathathu- amakota ngo-2007.Esinye isici esibe nomthelela ekwehleni kokugoma ukuthi isilinganiso seminyaka yabantu abangenwa upoko sikhuphuke ngenani.Isikhathi kusukela ekupheleni komkhankaso wokugoma ingxibongo.
Ochwepheshe base-Afrika baxwayise ngokuthi inkawu ingase iguquke isuke ekubeni yisifo esivamile se-zoonotic ibe isifo esithathelwanayo esithinta umhlaba wonke. Leli gciwane lingase ligcwalise indawo ezungezile yemvelo neyokuzivikela komzimba ekade ihlaselwe ingxibongo, uMalachy Ifeanyi Okeke wase-American University of Nigeria kanye nozakwabo babhala encwadini. Iphepha lika-2020.
"Okwamanje, alukho uhlelo lomhlaba wonke lokulawula ukubhebhetheka kwenkawu," kusho udokotela waseNigeria u-Oyewale Tomori engxoxweni eyanyatheliswa ku-The Conversation ngonyaka odlule. UK.Ingozi emphakathini waseBrithani iphansi kuze kube manje.Manje, i-ejensi ibheka amacala amaningi futhi isebenzisane nozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthola ukuthi ingabe amaqoqo afanayo emonkeypox akhona yini kwamanye amazwe.
“Uma sesiwahlonze amacala, kuzomele senze uphenyo olunzulu lwamacala kanye nokulandela umkhondo wokuthintana naye - bese silandelana ukuze silwe nokuthi leli gciwane lisakazeka kanjani,” kusho uRimoin. esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba iziphathimandla zezempilo ziqaphele.” Uma ukhanyisa ithoshi ebumnyameni, “uzobona okuthile.”
URimoin wengeze ngokuthi kuze kube yilapho ososayensi beqonda ukuthi amagciwane asakazeka kanjani, "kufanele siqhubeke nalokho esesikwazi kakade, kodwa ngokuzithoba - khumbula ukuthi la magciwane angashintsha futhi aguquke."
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-25-2022