Usuku Lomhlaba Lwesifo Sikashukela umkhankaso wokuqala wokuqwashisa umhlaba wonke ogxile kusifo sikashukela futhi uba mhla ziyi-14 kuLwezi minyaka yonke.
Yayiholwa yi-International Diabetes Federation (IDF), usuku ngalunye lwe-World Diabetes Day lugxila endikimbeni ehlobene nesifo sikashukela;Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokuvamile sivikeleka futhi singelapheki esikhula ngokushesha ngamanani emhlabeni jikelele.Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 asigwemeki kodwa singaphathwa ngemijovo ye-insulin.Izihloko ezidingidwayo zihlanganisa isifo sikashukela namalungelo abantu, isifo sikashukela nendlela yokuphila, isifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela kwabancishwe amathuba nabasengozini, nesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasebancane.
Siyini isifo sikashukela?
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esingamahlalakhona esenzeka lapho amanyikwe engayikhiqizi i-insulin eyanele noma umzimba ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngempumelelo i-insulin oyikhiqizayo.I-insulin iyi-hormone elawula ushukela wegazi.I-Hyperglycemia, noma ushukela ophakeme wegazi, kuwumphumela ovamile wesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sidale umonakalo ezimisweni eziningi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi imizwa nemithambo yegazi.
Ukuhlola okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola ushukela wegazi, okuhlanganisa ukuzila ukudla kweglucose yegazi, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela i-glucose (OGTT), kanye ne-glycosylated hemoglobin.Nakuba ukuhlolwa kweglucose yegazi kusetshenziswa kabanzi, kungase kube nokubi okuthile.Isibonelo, ingaqapha kuphela izinga likashukela egazini, futhi ukuhlola okukodwa kokuzila ukudla kweglucose kungabangela ukuthi isifo sikashukela esithile sigeje.ephezulu noma evamile.Njengoba i-hyperglycemia ibangelwa ukukhubazeka ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin noma imiphumela yayo yezinto eziphilayo, noma kokubili, kunesidingo sezinkomba zokutholwa ezinembile zokukhishwa kwe-insulin emisebenzini yomtholampilo.
Isingeniso se-insulin ne-C-peptide:
I-insulininama-amino acid angama-51 ahlanganisa amaketango amabili e-peptide, A no-B, axhunywe ndawonye ngamabhondi amabili e-disulfide.Itholakala kumaseli we-β-pancreatic.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kweglucose kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-glycogen, nokuvimbela i-gluconeogenesis.Ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ukuzinza koshukela wegazi.
I-C-peptideIkhiqizwa ama-pancreatic β-cell futhi inomanduleli ojwayelekile, i-proinsulin, ene-insulin.I-Proinsulin ihlukaniswa ibe i-molecule engu-1 ye-insulin ne-molecule eyodwa ye-C-peptide, ngakho-ke i-molar mass ye-C-peptide ihambisana ne-insulin yayo, kanti ukukala i-C-peptide kulinganisa okuqukethwe kwe-insulin.Ngasikhathi sinye, ayivulwa yisibindi njenge-insulin enqubweni ye-metabolic, futhi uhhafu wempilo yayo yinde kune-insulin, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-C-peptide egazini le-peripheral kuzinze kakhulu kune-insulin, futhi ayifani. itholwe yi-insulin exogenous,ngakho-ke ingabonisa kangcono ukusebenza kwe-Pancreatic β-cell.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomtholampilo?
I-insulin ne-C-peptide yizinkomba ezibalulekile zokutholwa kwe-insulin.Ngalokhu kuhlolwa okubili, iziguli zingakwazi ukuthi ziyayintula ngokuphelele i-insulin noma ziyayintula i-insulin, noma ngabe ziwuhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, ngaphambili ebelaziwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ilandisa cishe10%yenani eliphelele leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela futhi ngokuvamile livela ezinganeni nasebancane.
Imbangela ukuthi amaseli e-pancreas islet B abhujiswa yi-cell-mediated autoimmunity futhi awakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi akhiqize i-insulin ngokwawo.Kungase kube nezinhlobonhlobo zama-autoantibodies ku-serum ekuqaleni kwesifo.Uma kwenzeka isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziba sobala kakhulu, futhi i-ketosis ijwayele ukwenzeka, okungukuthi, kunokuthambekela kwe-ketosis, futhi idinga ukuncika ku-insulin yangaphandle ukuze iphile.Lapho ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyekwa, kuzoba yingozi empilweni.Ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, umsebenzi wamaseli e-pancreas islet B uyathuthuka, inani lamaseli B liyakhula, izimpawu zomtholampilo ziba ngcono, nomthamo we-insulin ungancishiswa.Lesi yisikhathi esibizwa nge-honeymoon, esingahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa.Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba isifo siqhubeka,kusadingeka ukuthembela ku-insulin yosizo lwangaphandle ukuze ulawule amazinga kashukela egazini futhi unqande ukukhiqizwa komzimba we-ketone.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngaphambili ebelaziwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela esingancike ku-insulin, silandisa cishe90%yenani eliphelele leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, futhi iningi lazo litholakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35.
Ukuqala kuhamba kancane futhi kucashile.Amaseli e-Islet akhiqiza i-insulin eningi noma encane, noma evamile, futhi inani eliphakeme lokukhishwa liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Cishe i-60% yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zikhuluphele noma zikhuluphele.Ukudla isikhathi eside ngokweqile, ukudla okunekhalori ephezulu, ukukhuluphala kancane kancane, ngisho nokukhuluphala.Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuholela ekuphikisweni kwe-insulin, ushukela wegazi ophakeme, futhi akukho ukuthambekela okusobala kwe-ketosis.Iziguli eziningi zingakwazi ukulawula ngokuzinzile ushukela wegazi ngemva kokulawulwa kokudla kanye nezidakamizwa zomlomo ze-hypoglycemic;Nokho, ezinye iziguli, ikakhulukazi iziguli ezikhuluphele kakhulu, zidinga insulin exogenous ukulawula ushukela egazini.Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinefa lomndeni elisobala.
Indlela yokuvimbela isifo sikashukela?
Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-422 abantu abadala emhlabeni wonke abanesifo sikashukela ngo-2014, kusukela ezigidini ezingu-108 ngo-1980. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke sekuphindeke kabili kusukela ngo-1980, kusukela ku-4.7% kuya ku-8.5% wabantu abadala.Isifo sikashukela sibulala abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3.4 unyaka ngamunye futhi, uma singelashwa kahle, singabangela ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba okuhlanganisa nokungaboni.Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi izici eziyingozi ezihambisanayo njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala nazo ziyanda.Ukudlondlobala kwesifo sikashukela kwenyuke ngokushesha emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi kunasemazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa nokulawulwa kokuziphatha, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangaphila impilo evamile neminyaka yokuphila njengabantu abanempilo.
Ngakho-ke, ake sabelane nawe ngezindlela ezimbalwa zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela:
1. Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvimbela noma ukulawula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.Eqinisweni, kokubili ukungawuvivinyi umzimba nokungawuvivinyi isikhathi eside kungase kwandise ingozi yesifo sikashukela.Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungathuthukisa ikhono lemisipha lokusebenzisa i-insulin futhi amunce i-glucose, futhi kungakhulula nokucindezela kwamanye amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-insulin.Ukuzivocavoca kunenye inzuzo, okungukuthi kungakusiza ulahlekelwe isisindo.Uma nje ungachitha izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto uvivinya umzimba imizuzu engama-30 isikhathi ngasinye, kuyoba usizo olukhulu ekuthuthukiseni umfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol.Ukuzivocavoca kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulwa nesifo sikashukela.
2. Ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela noma ukulawula isifo sikashukela.Lapho ukhetha iziphuzo, kufanele ukhethe amanzi alula, iziphuzo ezingenashukela, noma ikhofi elingenashukela, futhi uqhelelane neziphuzo ezinoshukela.Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abavame ukuphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela basengozini enkulu yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.Ukwengeza, iziphuzo ezinoshukela zingase zibe nomthelela ekwandeni kwe-insulin.Ngokuphathelene nokudla kwamafutha, kufanele ugweme "amafutha amabi" futhi ukhethe "amafutha amahle".Ukudla amafutha emifino namafutha amantongomane kungakhuphula ukwamukelwa kwe-glucose ngama-insulin receptors emisipha yomuntu futhi kusize ukuvimbela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.Nciphisa indlela odla ngayo ama-carbohydrate agayiwe, njengesinkwa esimhlophe nelayisi, ngoba angakhuphula ushukela kanye ne-insulin.Okokugcina, nciphisa ukudla kwakho inyama ebomvu bese uzama ukudla imithombo enempilo yamaprotheni, njengenkukhu noma inhlanzi.
3. Ukulawula isisindo: Ukukhuluphala kuyimbangela enkulu yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.Abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile banamathuba aphindwe ka-20 kuye kwangama-40 okuba nesifo sikashukela kunabantu abanesisindo esivamile.Isifo sikashukela cishe singavinjelwa ngokuphelele futhi silawulwe ngokudla okunomsoco, okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca okuvamile.Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe- "Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP)" e-United States, uma kuqhathaniswa neziguli ezathola ukwelashwa kwe-placebo, iziguli ezathola ukungenelela kweminyaka emithathu yokuphila (ILS) zanciphisa ngo-58% engozini yokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izifundiswa ziye zathola ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, ikhilogremu ngayinye elahlekile inciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela ngo-16%, futhi lezi zinombolo kufanele zisebenze njengesisusa sakho sokugcina isisindo esinempilo.
4. Ukuhlola impilo njalo: Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kunganikeza ulwazi oluphelele lokuthi ingabe uyiqembu elisengozini enkulu yesifo sikashukela.Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela kuzobheka “i-glycosylated hemoglobin” egazini futhi “albumin” emchameni.Uma lezi zinombolo ezimbili ziphakeme kunokuvamile, kusho ukuthi kungenzeka unesifo sikashukela.Sihlinzeka ngoHlelo Lwesifo Sikashukela ukusiza ekugwemeni, ekuxilongeni nasekulapheni isifo sikashukela.Kusukela ekuboneni izimpawu ze-prediabetes kuya ekwelapheni i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa, singanikeza ukwelashwa okudingekile kanye nemfundo ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela, ukuze iziguli zibuyele empilweni evamile ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-insulin EnempiloI-Rapid Quantitative Test isebenzisa i-immunofluorescence.Kuhlanganiswe neImpilo ye-Lamuno Xukuhlaziywa kwe-immunofluorescence, kungasetshenziswa ukusiza ekuthayipheni nasekuxilongweni kwesifo sikashukela, ukuze kunikezwe imithi efanele.
Ukuhlolwa Okusheshayo: I-5-15 min thola imiphumela;
Ukuthutha nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa kwegumbi;
Imiphumela Ethembekile: Ihambisana nezinga lamazwe ngamazwe.
https://www.aehealthgroup.com/immunoassay-system/
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2022